Power reform questions and answers ｜ what is the difference between the difference income of purchase and sale price and the permitted income?
2021-09-07
The difference income of purchase and sale price is the income formed by the difference between power sales income and power purchase cost. Generally speaking, it is the difference between power sales and power purchase. This is the way to realize the income and profit of power grid enterprises before the reform of transmission and distribution electricity price in 2015. The profit of power grid enterprises comes from the residual value of power sales income minus power purchase cost excluding transmission and distribution costs and other costs.
Before the reform, government supervision focused on three aspects:
First, profit assessment. The government does not limit the total amount of revenue and costs, but only requires profits. Under the condition that the enterprises meet the profit assessment requirements of SASAC, the costs incurred are paid according to the actual needs, and there is no difference between the enterprise's financial costs and the regulatory permitted costs.
The second is the dual supervision of sales price and on grid price. Electricity price supervision adopts the management method of the government's verification of on grid electricity price and sales electricity price to indirectly supervise the purchase and sales difference of power grid.
Third, the electricity price adjustment method mainly considers the upstream and downstream linkage principle, such as coal power linkage mechanism.
Permitted income refers to the income of power grid enterprises pre approved by the government or regulatory authorities and used to calculate transmission and distribution electricity price. It consists of permitted cost, permitted income and tax.
After the reform, the supervision mode has changed completely:
First, the profit model is strictly controlled. The profit model changes from earning the difference between purchase and sale price to obtaining reasonable compensation for investment and operation of transmission and distribution assets - allowable cost and allowable income. At this time, the profits of power grid enterprises come from the permitted income minus the transmission and distribution costs and other costs.
Second, all-round supervision. Based on the effective assets of the power grid, the government directly supervises the income, cost and price of transmission and distribution electricity price in an all-round way, and the regulatory constraints are more strict. The regulatory authorities adopt the control system of "allowable cost + reasonable income", and verify the allowable income according to the investment and construction of the power grid and the necessary and reasonable cost level, Then the transmission and distribution price is formed through appropriate allocation mode and pricing method.
The government has total restrictions on investment planning, permitted income, transmission and distribution costs, other costs and investment rate of return. There are differences between enterprise investment and government approved investment, enterprise financial cost and regulatory permitted cost, enterprise financial profit and regulatory approved profit.
Third, the basis for electricity price adjustment is different. The difference between the permitted income and the actual income is mainly considered. In the process of power grid operation, the part of the actual transmission and distribution income (including the purchase and sales price difference income of non market users such as residential agriculture and the transmission and distribution price income of market users) exceeding the permitted income approved by the supervision is included in the balance account (virtual) for overall adjustment (reduction) of the user side price level, The on grid price at the generation side is formed according to market competition and is generally no longer approved by the government.
Theoretically, under the supervision mode of "permitted cost plus reasonable income", the permitted income of power grid enterprises has nothing to do with electricity, but only depends on the permitted cost, permitted income and taxes approved by the state. Therefore, after the reform of transmission and distribution price, as the main body of transmission and distribution service, the most important responsibility of power grid is to stabilize investment, ensure power supply, ensure safety and excellent service.
Before the reform, government supervision focused on three aspects:
First, profit assessment. The government does not limit the total amount of revenue and costs, but only requires profits. Under the condition that the enterprises meet the profit assessment requirements of SASAC, the costs incurred are paid according to the actual needs, and there is no difference between the enterprise's financial costs and the regulatory permitted costs.
The second is the dual supervision of sales price and on grid price. Electricity price supervision adopts the management method of the government's verification of on grid electricity price and sales electricity price to indirectly supervise the purchase and sales difference of power grid.
Third, the electricity price adjustment method mainly considers the upstream and downstream linkage principle, such as coal power linkage mechanism.
Permitted income refers to the income of power grid enterprises pre approved by the government or regulatory authorities and used to calculate transmission and distribution electricity price. It consists of permitted cost, permitted income and tax.
After the reform, the supervision mode has changed completely:
First, the profit model is strictly controlled. The profit model changes from earning the difference between purchase and sale price to obtaining reasonable compensation for investment and operation of transmission and distribution assets - allowable cost and allowable income. At this time, the profits of power grid enterprises come from the permitted income minus the transmission and distribution costs and other costs.
Second, all-round supervision. Based on the effective assets of the power grid, the government directly supervises the income, cost and price of transmission and distribution electricity price in an all-round way, and the regulatory constraints are more strict. The regulatory authorities adopt the control system of "allowable cost + reasonable income", and verify the allowable income according to the investment and construction of the power grid and the necessary and reasonable cost level, Then the transmission and distribution price is formed through appropriate allocation mode and pricing method.
The government has total restrictions on investment planning, permitted income, transmission and distribution costs, other costs and investment rate of return. There are differences between enterprise investment and government approved investment, enterprise financial cost and regulatory permitted cost, enterprise financial profit and regulatory approved profit.
Third, the basis for electricity price adjustment is different. The difference between the permitted income and the actual income is mainly considered. In the process of power grid operation, the part of the actual transmission and distribution income (including the purchase and sales price difference income of non market users such as residential agriculture and the transmission and distribution price income of market users) exceeding the permitted income approved by the supervision is included in the balance account (virtual) for overall adjustment (reduction) of the user side price level, The on grid price at the generation side is formed according to market competition and is generally no longer approved by the government.
Theoretically, under the supervision mode of "permitted cost plus reasonable income", the permitted income of power grid enterprises has nothing to do with electricity, but only depends on the permitted cost, permitted income and taxes approved by the state. Therefore, after the reform of transmission and distribution price, as the main body of transmission and distribution service, the most important responsibility of power grid is to stabilize investment, ensure power supply, ensure safety and excellent service.